THE STORY OF VARANASI

History

Varanasi is one of the world's oldest continually inhabited cities. Its ancient name, Kashi, meaning "to shine," established it as a "City of Light" and an eminent seat of learning for over 2,500 years. Throughout its history, the city has been a center for religious, artistic, and intellectual activity. In the 8th century, Adi Shankara established the worship of Shiva as an official sect of Varanasi, cementing its status as a primary center for Shaivism. The city thrived through the medieval period and saw the construction of many of its modern temples and ghats during the 18th century under the patronage of Maratha and Bhumihar rulers.

Significance

According to Hindu mythology, Varanasi was founded by Lord Shiva himself, making it one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites. It is regarded as one of the seven holy cities (Sapta Puri) where Hindus can achieve moksha, or liberation from the cycle of rebirth. The city is also a significant center for Buddhism, as nearby Sarnath is where the Buddha gave his first sermon. This rich spiritual tapestry makes Varanasi a unique microcosm of India, where traditions of pilgrimage, life, and death are an integral part of the urban landscape.

Geography

Located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi lies on the crescent-shaped left bank of the holy Ganges river. The city is bordered by two tributaries, the Varuna to the north and the Assi to the south, which traditionally define the sacred boundaries of Kashi. Situated in the fertile Indo-Gangetic Plains, the land has been continually enriched by the river, supporting civilization here for millennia. This unique geography is integral to its identity, with life in the city revolving around its world-renowned riverfront ghats.